Care Of Health
Cross
breed animals and dairy buffaloes need regular health care. This care is as under.
Preventive
vaccination- against contagious diseases. There are few contagious diseases which need to
be irradicated, by indertaking regular preventive vaccinations. In our country there is
lot of animal movements. Bullock carts plying from and between the villages, nomals
carried by read on feet for slaughter in small flocks, cattle markets, weekly markets
involve animal movements.
These
animals spread diseases from one place to another. Disease causing agents are also carried
by persons along with their clothes, shoes, utersils, feed bags, implements and vehicals.
Some disease causing agents like virus, are carried by flying birds, air and rivers
cannals, brooks from one place to another.
One can
not have effective control on this. It is therefore wise and advisible to control
Contagious
diseases by undertaking vaccinations.
anthrax
– once in a year before mansoon (if the disease exist in the area)
Black
Quarter – once in a year before mansoon (if the disease exists )
Haemorrhagic
Septicaemia- once a year before mansoon (oil adjuvant vaccine or twice a year if alum
precipitate or Aluminium hybroxide gel vaccine.
Foot
and month disease – in Jersey crosses.
Thrice/
in higher crosses four times a year if Gel vaccine is used. If oil adjuvant vaccine is
used twice a year. Same schedule is to be followed for buffaloes/HF animals.
All the
vaccinations should be unifarmly carried out in a village, one vaccine at a time covering
at least 80 % of village animal population. Far each animal separate needle should be
used(duly sterilised) and proper record be kept.
Control
of ectoparasites.
Control
of Ticks/mites/lice/flies; can be effectively controlled by spraying acaricides in
appropriate percentage at specific intervals.
In
marshy areas (humidity 60% or more) control should be thrice a year. Before/ during and
after mansoon) for other areas at least twice a year before and after mansoon.
In
high yielding animals:-
tuberculosis,
Johnin testing- once a year.
Brucellosis
testing- Elisa/tube test/plate test should be carried out asper veterinarians advice.
California
Mastitis Testing- cow side test twice a mont/fifteen days after calving till 200 days
after calving. (10 Tests at least)
Clean
milk producton should be strictly followed.( washing of udder, drying of udder. Test
dipping after milking)
Dry cow
therapy should be carried out for every animal at the time of drying. After last milking
(in advanced pregnant animal, after completion of seven months pregnancy).
Hoof
care- most of the dairy animals are stall fed. In such animals there is no proper use and
tear of heaves. This leads to overgrown hooves, when hooves grow improperly. It is painful
to animals. It is therefore necessary to cut the hooves properly.
Clipping
of body coat- in cross breeds, the hair coat grows six times a year. Since exotic animals
come from Temperate climate, (Cold climate) they need long body coat for protection from
cold. However cross breads born out of exotic blood level do not need this body coat as
cross breeds are reared in tropical climate (Hot climate). In order to help the body to
reduce body heat, it is necessary to clip this body coat in February/March ; and there
after in October every year. This will also reduce ectoparasite population on animal body.
The
health care approach is a holistic approach. Cleaning of byre, disposeal of dung/urine,
and core of feed/fodder/water storage all these points need proper consideration.
Under
village conditions/tick control/ hoof care de warming) should be implemented
simultanelously for all the animals. Proper record should be maintained, in each operation
and data thus collected should be analysed. |
Ag.
Technologies
(Animal Husbandry)
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